What Is Gum Disease?
Periodontal (gum) disease is an infection of the gums and the supporting bone that hold your teeth in place. It ranges from mild inflammation (gingivitis) to advanced disease that can lead to bone loss and loose teeth. Plaque — a sticky film of bacteria — is responsible for both tooth decay and gum disease.
Causes & Risk Factors
- Poor or inconsistent oral hygiene.
- Smoking or tobacco use.
- Diabetes and other systemic conditions that affect oral health.
- Certain medications that reduce saliva or affect the gums.
- Genetics — some people are more prone to gum problems.
- Hormonal changes, including during pregnancy.
Signs to Watch For
- Bleeding gums when brushing or flossing.
- Swollen, red, or tender gums.
- Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth.
- Receding gums or teeth that look longer.
- Loose or separating teeth.
Note: Some people lose supporting bone in their early teen years without any visible symptoms — which is why regular periodontal exams matter for patients of all ages.
